Periodontics focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gum disease, including conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis. Gum disease is primarily caused by plaque and tartar buildup, and it is one of the leading causes of tooth loss in adults. Gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, presents as red, swollen gums, tooth sensitivity, bleeding while brushing or eating, bad breath, and discomfort when chewing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis, a more serious condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that can lead to tooth loss and damage to the bone structure beneath the gums.

Treatment for periodontitis typically involves scaling and root planing, a deep cleaning procedure that removes tartar and infected tissue from the gum line. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, and hormonal changes can contribute to gum disease, and untreated gum disease can also affect your overall health, especially for those with conditions like cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Maintaining regular dental check-ups and practicing optimal oral hygiene are essential to prevent gum disease and ensure your long-term oral health.